Adoptive immunity can be achieved using cells expanded outside the body before infusion; this involves which process?

Adoptive immunity can be achieved using cells expanded outside the body before infusion; this involves which process?

• A. Passive immunity
• B. Active immunity
• C. Adoptive immunity
• D. Natural immunity

Answer: (C)

The concept being tested is adoptive immunity, which is defined by giving the patient immune cells that were expanded outside the body and then infused to confer protection. In this approach, immune cells (often T cells) are collected, grown and sometimes engineered in a lab to enhance their activity, and then returned to the patient to target specific antigens, such as cancer cells. This is what makes it adoptive – the immunity comes from cells prepared externally and delivered into the person. This differs from passive immunity, where protective antibodies or factors are provided directly without generating a new immune response in the host; active immunity, where the host’s own immune system is triggered to respond (via infection or vaccination); and natural immunity, which occurs without medical intervention.

The concept being tested is adoptive immunity, which is defined by giving the patient immune cells that were expanded outside the body and then infused to confer protection. In this approach, immune cells (often T cells) are collected, grown and sometimes engineered in a lab to enhance their activity, and then returned to the patient to target specific antigens, such as cancer cells. This is what makes it adoptive – the immunity comes from cells prepared externally and delivered into the person.

This differs from passive immunity, where protective antibodies or factors are provided directly without generating a new immune response in the host; active immunity, where the host’s own immune system is triggered to respond (via infection or vaccination); and natural immunity, which occurs without medical intervention.